Significance: Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique to
distinguish the unique molecular environment of fluorophores. FLIM measures the time a …

2. INTRODUCTION The investigation of many fundamental processes in life sciences
requires straightforward tools for fast, sensitive, reliable, and reproducible detection of …

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) window has
exhibited advantages of high optical resolution at deeper penetration (ca. 5–20 mm) in bio …

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) uses the fact that the fluorescence lifetime of a
fluorophore depends on its molecular environment but not on its concentration. Molecular …

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has found a niche in the world of biological imaging as the
best noninvasive means of fluorescence microscopy in tissue explants and living animals …

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is based on the detection of single photons
of a periodic light signal, measurement of the detection time of the photons, and the build-up …

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a key fluorescence microscopy technique to map the
environment and interaction of fluorescent probes. It can report on photophysical events that …

Changing the data representation from the classical time delay histogram to the phasor
representation provides a global view of the fluorescence decay at each pixel of an image …

The brain is complex and dynamic. The spatial scales of interest to the neurobiologist range
from individual synapses (∼ 1 μm) to neural circuits (centimeters); the timescales range from …

Ever since their introduction two decades ago, single-molecule (SM) fluorescence methods
have matured and branched out to address numerous biological questions, which were …