The GBA gene encodes for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which
maintains glycosphingolipid homeostasis. Approximately 5–15% of PD patients have …

Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for
several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression …

For the last two decades, pathogenic concepts in Parkinson disease (PD) have revolved
around the toxicity and spread of α-synuclein. Thus, α-synuclein would follow caudo-rostral …

Braak's hypothesis has been extremely influential over the last two decades. However,
neuropathological and clinical evidence suggest that the model does not conform to all …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disorder. Although the
disease was described more than 200 years ago, its pathogenetic mechanisms have not yet …

Patients with Parkinson's disease have a number of specific visual disturbances. These
include changes in colour vision and contrast sensitivity and difficulties with complex visual …

Depression is one of the most frequent and burdensome non-motor symptoms in
Parkinson's disease (PD), across all stages. Even when its severity is mild, PD depression …

Abstract Purpose of Review The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in
aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases …

The past decade has seen a dramatic expansion of the field of prodromal PD. Ten years
ago, there were only six known prodromal markers of disease, none of which had more than …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently clinically defined by a set of cardinal motor features
centred on the presence of bradykinesia and at least one additional motor symptom out of …