The paper aims to review recent advances regarding the observational and monitoring
capabilities of the ionization conditions in the Earth's upper atmosphere. The analysis spans …

A new one‐dimensional variational (1D‐Var) retrieval method for ionospheric GNSS radio
occultation (GNSS‐RO) measurements is described. The forward model implicit in the …

Abstract The Assimilative Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (A‐CHAIM) is an
operational ionospheric data assimilation model that provides a 3D representation of the …

A growing number of SmallSat/CubeSat constellations with high-rate (50–100 Hz) global
navigation satellite system radio occultations (GNSS-RO) as well as low-rate (1 Hz) precise …

This work presents a software-defined radio ionosonde (ISDR) developed at the Abdus
Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (Italy) and the Institute of Radio …

The performance of the digital ionospheric sounder at the mid-latitude site of Dourbes,
Belgium (4.6° E, 50.1° N) is evaluated and detailed here in terms of its capability to deliver …

We present results of a dedicated global storm-time model for the reconstruction of
ionospheric electron density in three-dimensions. Using the storm criterion of| Dst|⩾ 50 nT …

Millions of ionograms are acquired annually to monitor the ionosphere. The accumulated
data contain untapped information from a range of locations, multiple solar cycles, and …

New, open access tools have been developed to validate ionospheric models in terms of
technologically relevant metrics. These are ionospheric errors on GPS 3D position, HF ham …

High-frequency skywave propagation can be heavily impacted by D-and E-region dynamics
requiring accurate global measurements to optimize performance. A standard measurement …