Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has
focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage …

Purpose To estimate the global lifetime prevalence rate of anabolic-androgenic steroid
(AAS) use and investigate moderators of the prevalence rate. Methods A meta-analysis and …

Once concentrated among adolescent Caucasian females in high-income Western
countries, today, eating disorders (EDs) are truly global. Building upon previous work …

The use of androgens, frequently referred to as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), has
grown into a worldwide substance abuse problem over the last several decades …

Today, fitness gyms and private health clubs are a huge global business. Fitness has turned
into a folk movement, but not one comparable to the old 20th-century movements, often …

Background The prevalence of eating disorders has been assumed to be low in the Arab
world, due to the alleged absence of the thin ideal. However, the Arab world is undergoing …

Failure to achieve a lean and muscular build, a prominent characteristic of masculinity for
many men, may lead to body dissatisfaction. In four studies the authors used silhouette …

Evolutionary scientists propose that exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics are cues
of genes that increase offspring viability or reproductive success. In six studies the …

The anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are a family of hormones that includes testosterone
and its derivatives. These substances have been used by elite athletes since the 1950s, but …

Body dissatisfaction and body image disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent in
developing non-Western countries such as China, but there is a lack of research examining …