Background Global HIV-1 genetic diversity and evolution form a major challenge to
treatment and prevention efforts. An increasing number of distinct HIV-1 recombinants have …

Reverse transcriptases (RTs) play a major role in the replication of Retroviridae,
Metaviridae, Pseudoviridae, Hepadnaviridae and Caulimoviridae. RTs are enzymes that are …

Reassortment is an evolutionary mechanism of segmented RNA viruses that plays an
important but ill-defined role in virus emergence and interspecies transmission. Recent …

Abstract The development of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) technologies is having a
major impact on the genomic analysis of viral populations. Current HTS platforms can …

Background Burkina-Faso's HIV/AIDS program is one of the most successful in Africa, with a
declining HIV prevalence and treatment outcomes that rival those of developed countries …

Viruses evolve to evade prior immunity, causing significant disease burden. Vaccine
effectiveness deteriorates as pathogens mutate, requiring redesign. This is a problem that …

Background Sichuan province is one of the highest AIDS epidemic provinces in China, with
a large number of floating population. The annual number of cases of HIV/AIDS reported in …

Introduction Rates of new HIV-1 diagnoses are increasing in Australia, with evidence of an
increasing proportion of non-B HIV-1 subtypes reflecting a growing impact of migration and …

Sexual transmission has become the primary route of HIV transmission in China. Therefore,
a comprehensive overview of HIV-1 subtype distribution is necessary for the prevention and …

HIV strains continuously evolve, tend to recombine, and new circulating variants are being
discovered. Novel strains complicate efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV and may …