In recent decades, the concern over depletion of the world׳ s petroleum reserves and
environmental pollution has increased the demand to develop a renewable and …

Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels derived from a variety of feedstocks,
including vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oil. At present, biodiesel is mainly …

Chemically modifying vegetable oils to produce an alternative to petroleum-based materials
is one of the most important emerging industrial research areas today because of the …

Biodiesel production is a very modern and technological area for researchers due to the
relevance that it is winning everyday because of the increase in the petroleum price and the …

The increased demand for energy, climate change, and energy security concerns has driven
the research interest for the development of alternative fuel from plant origin. Biodiesel …

Biodiesel is produced from renewable resources like vegetable oils and animal fats. It can
use as a fuel in diesel engine by blending with diesel or in pure form. Biodiesel blended …

Though a considerable number of publications about biodiesel can be found in literature,
several problems remain unsolved, encompassing economical, social, and technical issues …

The high viscosity of vegetable oils leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics.
The inefficient mixing of vegetable oils with air contributes to incomplete combustion. The …

Non-edible oil contains several unsaponifiable and toxic components, which make them
unsuitable for human consumption. Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) is an underutilized plant …

The demand for petroleum has risen rapidly due to increasing industrialization and
modernization of the world. The limited reserve of the fossil fuels is also dwindling alongside …