It is now well accepted that many tumors undergo a process of clonal selection which means
that tumor antigens arising at various stages of tumor progression are likely to be …

Highlights•Tumor immune escape compromises the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.•Loss
of MHC class I expression is a frequent event in cancer cells.•Three tumor phenotypes …

The advent of immunotherapy has made an indelible mark on the field of cancer therapy,
especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice. Although …

Conditional gene expression has greatly facilitated the examination of the functions of
particular gene products. Using the Cre/lox P switching expression system, we plan to …

Tumours can escape T‐cell responses by losing major histocompatibility complex
(MHC)/human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. In the early stages of cancer …

Oncogenic transformation in human and experimental animals is not necessarily followed by
the appearance of a tumor mass. The immune system of the host can recognize tumor …

T cell-mediated immune therapies have emerged as a promising treatment modality in
different malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a fraction of …

Background: Some cancer patients are immuno-compromised, and it has been long felt that
immune-intervention is not compatible with standard chemotherapies. However, increasing …

The ability of cancer cells to escape from the natural or immunotherapy‐induced antitumor
immune response is often associated with alterations in the tumor cell surface expression of …

Most tumor cells derive from MHC-I-positive normal counterparts and remain positive at
early stages of tumor development. T lymphocytes can infiltrate tumor tissue, recognize and …