Animals often gather information from other species by eavesdropping on signals intended
for others. We review the extent, benefits, mechanisms, and ecological and evolutionary …

Social learning is fundamental to social life across the animal kingdom, but we still know
little about how natural selection has shaped social learning abilities on a proximate level …

Many mammals warn conspecifics with alarm calls about detected predators. These alarm
calls are either functionally referential, urgency based, or they can have multiple functions …

Many vertebrates gain critical information about danger by eavesdropping on other species'
alarm calls [1], providing an excellent context in which to study information flow among …

Highlights•Vertebrates respond to conspecific and heterospecific mobbing calls.•We used
playbacks to investigate if prior experience is required to elicit mobbing.•The bird species …

Some birds eavesdrop on the alarm calls of other species, but little is known about the
specific information obtained. Fleeing in response to nonurgent alarms, such as those given …

Animals in natural communities gain information from members of other species facing
similar ecological challenges [1–5], including many vertebrates that recognize the alarm …

The ability to recognize and respond to the alarm calls of heterospecifics has previously
been described only in species with vocal communication. Here we provide evidence that a …

Eavesdropping on the alarm calls of other species can provide vertebrates with valuable
information about danger, and often responses to heterospecific calls seem to be acquired …

Alarm calls potentially provide information about predators to heterospecifics, but little is
known about patterns of eavesdropping among species. Many cases of eavesdropping in …