Context No single large published randomized controlled trial (RCT) has confirmed the
efficacy of virtual simulators in the acquisition of skills to the standard required for safe …

Background Proficiency in minimally invasive surgery requires intensive and continuous
training, as it is technically challenging for unnatural visual and haptic perceptions. Robotic …

Background Worldwide, the annual number of robotic surgical procedures continues to
increase. Robotic surgical skills are unique from those used in either open or laparoscopic …

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Little is known on how best to
train the future generation of robotic surgeons. It has been postulated that virtual reality (VR) …

Please cite this paper as: Schreuder H, Wolswijk R, Zweemer R, Schijven M, Verheijen R.
Training and learning robotic surgery, time for a more structured approach: a systematic …

Background Exponential development of minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic-
assisted devices, raises the question of how to assess robotic surgery skills. Early …

BACKGROUND: Validating assessment tools in surgical simulation training is critical to
objectively measuring skills. Most reviews do not elicit methodologies for conducting …

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to determine if training on the Mimic dV-
Trainer (MdVT) simulator results in improved ability on the da Vinci® surgical system (dVSS) …

Although substantial advancements have been achieved in robot-assisted surgery, the
blueprint to existing snake robotics predominantly focuses on the preliminary structural …

Purpose: We evaluated the face, content, and construct validity of what is, to our knowledge,
the only available virtual reality simulator based on a complete kinematic representation of …