Locomotion and transport of microorganisms in fluids is an essential aspect of life. Search
for food, orientation toward light, spreading of off-spring, and the formation of colonies are …

The bacterial flagellum is a helical filamentous organelle responsible for motility. In bacterial
species possessing flagella at the cell exterior, the long helical flagellar filament acts as a …

Mechanosensing by flagella is thought to trigger bacterial swarmer-cell differentiation, an
important step in pathogenesis. How flagellar motors sense mechanical stimuli is not known …

The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary nano-machine, about 45 nm in diameter,
embedded in the bacterial cell envelope. It is powered by the flux of H+ or Na+ ions across …

Bacterial chemotaxis is a biased movement of bacteria toward the beneficial chemical
gradient or away from a toxic chemical gradient. This movement is achieved by sensing a …

A molecular motor is made of either a single macromolecule or a macromolecular complex.
Just like their macroscopic counterparts, molecular motors “transduce” input energy into …

Bacterial flagella are filamentous organelles that drive cell locomotion. They thrust cells in
liquids (swimming) or on surfaces (swarming) so that cells can move toward favorable …

It is becoming clear that the bacterial flagellar motor output is important not only for bacterial
locomotion but also for mediating the transition from liquid to surface living. The output of the …

The concept of a “power stroke”—a free‐energy releasing conformational change—appears
in almost every textbook that deals with the molecular details of muscle, the flagellar rotor …

The MotA and MotB proteins of Escherichia coli serve two functions. The MotA4MotB2
complex attaches to the cell wall via MotB to form the stator of the flagellar motor. The …