Neurobiologists have long sought to understand how circuits in the nervous system are
organized to generate the precise neural outputs that underlie particular behaviours. The …

Recent years have witnessed a steep increase in studies on the diverse roles of neuronal
cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The versatility of CCC gene transcription …

Hyperexcitability of spinal reflexes and reduced synaptic inhibition are commonly associated
with spasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI). In adults, the activation of γ-aminobutyric acidA …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability, and altered
GABAergic transmission through Cl−-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs) contributes …

Fast synaptic inhibition relies on tight regulation of intracellular Cl−. Chloride dysregulation
is implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Beyond mere disinhibition …

A large body of evidence from in vitro studies suggests that GABA is depolarizing during
early postnatal development. However, the mode of GABA action in the intact developing …

In the nervous system, the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−] i) determines the
strength and polarity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission.[Cl−] i is …

In healthy adults, activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A and glycine receptors inhibits
neurons as a result of low intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl–] i), which is maintained …

Activity-based therapies are routinely integrated in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation
programs because they result in a reduction of hyperreflexia and spasticity. However, the …

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) constitutes an interface through which chemical cues can
reach and modulate the activity of neurons located at the epithelial boundary within the …