Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type present at all stages of an
atherosclerotic plaque. According to the 'response to injury'and 'vulnerable …

Vascular calcification is associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality and
atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Calcification has been determined to be an active process …

The continuing increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the general population is
predicted to result in a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. Although the …

Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune
systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived …

The S100 protein family consists of 24 members functionally distributed into three main
subgroups: those that only exert intracellular regulatory effects, those with intracellular and …

S100A9/S100A8 (calprotectin), a member of the S100 protein family, has been shown to
play a pivotal role in innate immunity activation. Calprotectin plays a critical role in the …

Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid‐rich plaques in the arterial wall, is an age‐related
disorder and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

This review centers on updating the active research area of vascular calcification. This
pathology underlies substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, through adverse …

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a major health problem facing aging societies. The
identification of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells in human tissue has led to a major …