Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag, a product of hot metal element (eg, Si, Mn, Fe, P)
oxidation and flux (eg lime, dolomite) dissolution, plays a critical role in the production of …

The impinging of multiple jets onto the molten bath in the BOF steelmaking process plays a
crucial role in reactor performance but is not clearly understood. This paper presents a …

Energy consumption and Carbon emission in iron and steel industry are enormous and
need to meet an optimal strategy. Many researches have focused on iron and steel making …

The control of slag foam that is produced during the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) process
has been the subject of significant research. The behaviour of slag foams is complex …

The cavity shape formed by the impinging of the supersonic oxygen jet on liquid metal
surface is of importance to the converter steelmaking process. This work adopts the volume …

Bottom blowing agitation plays a crucial role in improving the reaction kinetics condition of
molten bath during the steelmaking process. Herein, the influence of bottom blowing mode …

A multi-zone kinetic model coupled with a dynamic slag generation model was developed
for the simulation of hot metal and slag composition during the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) …

Herein, the fluid mechanical aspects involving flow interactions between flows formed by the
top impinging jet and bottom blowing bubbles in a combined blowing converter bath are …

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study on the cavity profile induced by
the impingement of top-blown multiple gas jets onto a water or oil/water bath. The depth and …

The development of a global model for oxygen steelmaking and its validation against
industrial data has been reported in Part 1 of this paper. Part 2 of this paper explained the …