Breathing (or respiration) is an unconscious and complex motor behavior which neuronal
drive emerges from the brainstem. In simplistic terms, respiratory motor activity comprises …

Breathing at rest is typically characterized by three phases: active inspiration, post-
inspiration (or stage 1 expiration), and passive expiration (or stage 2 expiration). Breathing …

While respiratory adaptation to exercise is compulsory to cope with the increased metabolic
demand, the neural signals at stake remain poorly identified. Using neural circuit tracing and …

Current models of respiratory CO2 chemosensitivity are centred around the function of a
specific population of neurons residing in the medullary retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) …

Large clinical trials designed to test the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients
with heart failure did not demonstrate benefits with respect to the primary endpoints. The …

Aims The brain controls the heart by dynamic recruitment and withdrawal of cardiac
parasympathetic (vagal) and sympathetic activity. Autonomic control is essential for the …

Respiratory chemosensory circuits are implicated in several physiological and behavioral
disorders ranging from sudden infant death syndrome to panic disorder. Thus, a …

During mild or moderate exercise, alveolar ventilation increases in direct proportion to
metabolic rate, regulating arterial CO2 pressure near resting levels. Mechanisms giving rise …

Breathing results from the interaction of two distinct oscillators: the pre-Bötzinger Complex
(preBötC), which drives inspiration; and the lateral parafacial region (pFRG), which drives …

Central pattern generators (CPGs) generate the rhythmic and coordinated neural features
necessary for the proper conduction of complex behaviors. In particular, CPGs are crucial for …