The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first
identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms
under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes …

Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra-and extracellular signaling
cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca 2+ signaling …

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based omics technologies are now widely used to profile small
molecules in multiple matrices to confer comprehensive snapshots of cellular metabolic …

Gastrointestinal motility results from coordinated contractions of the tunica muscularis, the
muscular layers of the alimentary canal. Throughout most of the gastrointestinal tract …

Calcium signals, pivotal in controlling cell function, can be generated by calcium entry
channels activated by plasma membrane depolarization or depletion of internal calcium …

Pathologic hypertrophy of the heart is regulated through membrane-bound receptors and
intracellular signaling pathways that function, in part, by altering Ca2+ handling and Ca2+ …

Changes in intracellular Ca2+ are central to the function of smooth muscle, which lines the
walls of all hollow organs. These changes take a variety of forms, from sustained, cell-wide …

Intracellular Ca 2+ stores play a central role in the regulation of cellular [Ca 2+] i and the
generation of complex [Ca 2+] signals such as oscillations and waves. Ca 2+ signalling is of …

Ca2+ is a major signaling molecule in both excitable and non-excitable cells, where it
serves critical functions ranging from cell growth to differentiation to cell death. The …