The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged
foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried …

Importance According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 52% of
surveyed US adults reported using at least 1 dietary supplement in the prior 30 days and …

Importance Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the US,
and vitamin and mineral supplementation has been proposed to help prevent these …

Innate and adaptive immune cell activation and infiltration is the key characteristic of tissue
inflammation. The innate immune system is the front line of host defense in which innate …

Oxidative stress has been implicated in many chronic diseases. However, antioxidant trials
are so far largely unsuccessful as a preventive or curative measure. Chronic low‐grade …

Importance Dietary supplements are commonly used by US adults; yet, little is known about
recent trends in supplement use. Objective To report trends in dietary supplement use …

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be synthesized by humans and
other primates, and has to be obtained from diet. Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both
manifestations of end-organ damage of the metabolic syndrome. Through multiple …

Atherogenesis, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, is a complex process that involves
several mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, neovascularization, vascular …

The concept of mild chronic vascular inflammation as part of the pathophysiology of
cardiovascular disease, most importantly hypertension and atherosclerosis, has been well …