In most crop breeding programs, the rate of yield increment is insufficient to cope with the
increased food demand caused by a rapidly expanding global population. In plant breeding …

Plant breeders face multiple global challenges that affect food security, productivity,
accessibility, and nutritional quality. One major challenge for plant breeders is developing …

Since the first half of the twentieth century, evolutionary theory has been dominated by the
idea that mutations occur randomly with respect to their consequences. Here we test this …

Deep knowledge of crop biodiversity is essential to improving global food security. Despite
bread wheat serving as a keystone crop worldwide, the population history of bread wheat …

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are enriched in eukaryotic cis-regulatory elements and alter
gene expression, yet how they regulate transcription remains unknown. We found that STRs …

Arabidopsis thaliana serves as a model organism for the study of fundamental physiological,
cellular, and molecular processes. It has also greatly advanced our understanding of …

Gossypium hirsutum has proven difficult to sequence owing to its complex allotetraploid
(AtDt) genome. Here we produce a draft genome using 181-fold paired-end sequences …

Background Rice research has been enabled by access to the high quality reference
genome sequence generated in 2005 by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project …

The evolutionary features and molecular innovations that enabled plants to first colonize
land are not well understood. Here, insights are provided through our report of the genome …

Fusion proteins derived from transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) have emerged as
genome editing tools for mitochondria. TALE nucleases (TALENs) have been applied to …