It has long been appreciated that individuals differ from each other in important ways. More
than 2000 years ago, Plato said:“No 2 persons are born exactly alike; but each differs from …

Twin studies provide a method for estimating the heritability of phenotypes and for
examining genetic and environmental relationships between phenotypes. We conducted a …

Opioids are very effective analgesics, but they are also highly addictive. Methadone is used
to treat opioid dependence (OD), acting as a selective agonist at the μ-opioid receptor …

Baroreceptors are mechanosensitive elements of the peripheral nervous system that
maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by coordinating the responses to external and internal …

Use of opioid analgesics for pain management has increased dramatically over the past
decade, with corresponding increases in negative sequelae including overdose and death …

Importance Prior studies have found a substantial risk of persistent opioid use among
adolescents and young adults undergoing surgical and dental procedures. It is unknown …

Background: Although opioids in general and remifentanil in particular have been shown to
induce hyperalgesia, data regarding fentanyl are scarce. Thus, the authors investigated the …

Objectives Chronic postsurgical pain is pain that develops and persists for at least 3 months
after a surgical procedure. The purpose of this review was to discover what evidence exists …

Pain often co-occurs with depression and anxiety, and together cause considerable social
and economic burden. Twin studies have investigated the aetiology of these covariations …

Background: Pain clinicians have always been challenged by the variability of response to
pain treatment. Differences in the degree of pain stimulation and pain sensitivity, weight and …