Experiences of social rejection, exclusion or loss are generally considered to be some of the
most'painful'experiences that we endure. Indeed, many of us go to great lengths to avoid …

The study of pain in awake animals raises ethical, philosophical, and technical problems.
We review the ethical standards for studying pain in animals and emphasize that there are …

Animal studies suggest that fear inhibits pain whereas anxiety enhances it; however it is
unclear whether these effects generalize to humans. The present study examined the effects …

It is common clinical experience that anxiety about pain can exacerbate the pain sensation.
Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), we compared activation …

Fear is an adaptive response that initiates defensive behavior to protect animals and
humans from danger. However, anxiety disorders, such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder …

This study was designed to examine the effect of emotion on the nociceptive flexion reflex
and pain ratings. To do so, 28 participants viewed pictures varying in emotional valence …

Many psychiatric disorders are characterized by abnormal risky decision-making and
dysregulated dopamine receptor expression. The current study was designed to determine …

Although most agree that emotion can alter pain, little well-controlled research has been
conducted to examine this issue. The present review provides psychological and …

BACKGROUND:: Research suggests that the influence of gender on the processing and
experience of pain is a result of several mechanisms. One mediating variable is emotion …

Prior work indicates that exposure to fear-inducing shock inhibits finger-withdrawal to radiant
heat in humans (hypoalgesia), whereas anxiety induced by threat of shock enhances …