The mysterious dark energy remains one of the greatest puzzles of modern science. Current
detections for it are mostly indirect. The spacetime effects of dark energy can be locally …

This review surveys some recent developments concerning the effect of the cosmological
constant on the bending of light by a spherical mass in Kottler (Schwarzschild–de Sitter) …

In the last decade, the study of the overall shape of the universe, called Cosmic Topology,
has become testable by astronomical observations, especially the data from the Cosmic …

The gravitational deflection angle of light for an observer and source at finite distance from a
lens object has been studied by Ishihara et al.[Phys. Rev. D, 94, 084015 (2016) PRVDAQ …

The ability of bumblebee gravity models to explain dark energy, which is the phenomenon
responsible for the universe's observed accelerated expansion, is one of their most …

We consider a wide class of static spherically symmetric black holes of arbitrary dimension
with a photon sphere (a hypersurface on which a massless particle can orbit the black hole …

In this paper, the gravitational deflection of a relativistic massive neutral particle in the
Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime is studied via the Rindler–Ishak method in the weak-field …

We construct a mass or energy function for the non-Nariai class Schwarzschild–de Sitter
black hole spacetime in the region between the black hole and the cosmological event …

We show that gravitational lensing can provide a direct method to probe the nature of dark
energy at astrophysical scales. For lensing system as an isolated astrophysical object, we …

Recent studies suggest that the cosmological constant affects the gravitational bending of
photons, although the orbital equation for light in Schwarzschild–de Sitter space-time is free …