Telesurgical robotics, as a technical solution for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
(RAMIS), has become the first domain within medicosurgical robotics that achieved a true …

Introduction: Functional near-infrared spectrometry (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical
neuroimaging technique used to assess surgeons' brain function. The aim of this narrative …

Assessment of expertise development during training program primarily consists of
evaluating interactions between task characteristics, performance, and mental load. Such a …

Background Surgical skills acquisition is under continuous development due to the
emergence of new technologies, and there is a need for assessment tools to develop along …

Purpose Virtual arthroscopic training has become increasingly popular. However, there is a
lack of efficiency-based tracking of the trainee, which may be critical for determining the …

Objective: To systematically review technologies that objectively measure CWL in surgery,
assessing their psychometric and methodological characteristics. Summary Background …

Cognitive workload changes in the assessment of human performance have long been
monitored through the use of subjective self-reports, physiological, or neuro-physiological …

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements are confounded by signals
originating from different physiological causes (ie, neuronal, Mayer wave, respiratory, and …

This study investigates the use of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a tool for
assessing cognitive workload in virtual reality (VR) based medical education. Specifically …

High stress may diminish a surgeon's performance in the operating room (OR). Music is
perceived to reduce stress in the OR, however the psycho-physiological effects of music on …