Smoking is the most important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with COPD commonly suffer from skeletal muscle …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. It has been projected to move from the sixth to the third most common cause of …

Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and has been associated with most
aging-related diseases as well as immunological processes. However, little is known about …

Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) is commonly used as a measure of functional exercise
capacity in clinical practice and research. Regression equations to predict 6MWD in healthy …

Background The'exposome'represents the accumulation of all environmental exposures
across a lifetime. Top-down strategies are required to assess something this …

Increases in smoking, urbanization and the persistence of burning unrefined fuel indoors in
low-and middle-income countries (more than 80% of the world's population) have led to a …

Although smoking-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), are often accompanied by increased peripheral muscle fatigability, the extent to …

New Findings• What is the topic of this review? Muscle dysfunction is a common
complication and an important independent prognostic factor in chronic obstructive …

Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke is involved in the oxidative stress-
induced pathology of airway diseases. Reducing the levels of harmful and potentially …

Background Smoking tobacco is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), but although the majority of COPD cases can be directly related to smoking, only a …