Ion channel dysfunction is a key pathological substrate of episodic neurological disorders. A
classical gene associated to paroxysmal movement disorders is CACNA1A, which codes for …

Primary episodic ataxias are autosomal dominant channelopathies that manifest as attacks
of imbalance and incoordination. Mutations in two genes, KCNA1 and CACNA1A, cause the …

The last 10 years following the fi rst edition of our book have witnessed many new findings
on epidemiology, diagnostics, pathophysiology, and–especially important–the course and …

Abstract Treatment of motor symptoms of degenerative cerebellar ataxia remains difficult.
Yet there are recent developments that are likely to lead to significant improvements in the …

Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect the fovea from one object to another. A
great deal has been learned about the anatomy and physiology of saccades, making them …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) relieves motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and other
movement disorders. Here, we demonstrate the potential benefits of DBS in a model of …

Paroxysmal movement disorders are a relatively rare and heterogenous group of conditions
manifesting as episodic dyskinesia lasting a brief duration. Three forms are clearly …

Objective: The therapeutic effects of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) were investigated in a
randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in 10 subjects with familial episodic ataxia with …

Results A careful history remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. Once the correct diagnosis is
made, specific and effective treatments are available for most peripheral, central, and …

We review current pharmacological treatments for peripheral and central vestibular
disorders, and ocular motor disorders that impair vision, especially pathological nystagmus …