Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell and membranous particles
originating from different cell compartments. EVs participate in many essential physiological …

The success of pregnancy relies on the fine adjustment of the maternal immune system to
tolerate the allogeneic fetus. Trophoblasts carrying paternal antigens are the only fetal …

About 17% of couples suffer from infertility conditions, worldwide. The most common
reasons for female infertility are ovulation disorders, fallopian-related disorders, RM, RIF …

Tumor microenvironment interacts with tumor cells, establishing an atmosphere to contribute
or suppress the tumor development. Among the cells which play a role in the tumor …

Maternal-fetal immune dysregulation is one of the risk factors that increases the probability
of embryo rejection and reproductive failure. The stimulation of immunological tolerance and …

Infertility is a globally recognized issue caused by different reproductive disorders. To date,
various therapeutic approaches to restore fertility have been attempted including etiology …

The transition from oviparity to viviparity and the establishment of feto-maternal
communications introduced the placenta as the major anatomical site to provide nutrients …

Biologically active and nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in a variety of
cellular physiological and pathological processes in a cell-free manner. Unlike cells, EVs not …

Background Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is an
abnormality that has a great impact on women's quality of life. RSA is defined as at least …

Background Human decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are involved in the maintenance and
development of pregnancy, in which they play a key role in the induction of immunological …