The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier that separates the
central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation, which contains inflammatory …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe cerebrovascular disease that has
high mortality. Few survivors achieve self-care. Currently, patients receive only symptomatic …

Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune
responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream …

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix has important roles in tissue integrity and human
health. Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that are composed by two non …

Background Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the blood–brain barrier
(BBB) is vital for neuronal equilibrium and optimal brain function. Disruptions to BBB …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective barrier that ensures a homeostatic
environment for the central nervous system (CNS). BBB dysfunction, inflammation, and …

Integrins are a class of transmembrane receptors that are involved in a wide range of
biological functions. Dysregulation of integrins has been implicated in many pathological …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is the main pathological basis for acute ischemic stroke
(AIS)-induced cerebral vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Glial cells …

Cognitive decline covers a broad spectrum of disorders, not only resulting from brain
diseases but also from systemic diseases, which seriously influence the quality of life and …

It is well-known that stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability all over the
world. After a stroke, the blood-brain barrier subsequently breaks down. The BBB consists of …