MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression via
recognition of cognate sequences and interference of transcriptional, translational or …

Repetitive DNA sequences are abundant in a broad range of species, from bacteria to
mammals, and they cover nearly half of the human genome. Repeats have always …

The human reference genome represents only a small number of individuals, which limits its
usefulness for genotyping. We present a method named HISAT2 (hierarchical indexing for …

The intricate processes of microbiota-gut-brain communication in modulating human
cognition and emotion, especially in the context of mood disorders, have remained elusive …

Nitrogen-use efficiency of indica varieties of rice is superior to that of japonica varieties. We
apply 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling to characterize root microbiota of 68 indica and 27 …

Biological age (BA) has been proposed to evaluate the aging status instead of chronological
age (CA). Our study shows evidence that there might be multiple" clocks" within the whole …

The gut microbiota benefits humans via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from
carbohydrate fermentation, and deficiency in SCFA production is associated with type 2 …

Reference genomes are essential for metagenomic analyses and functional characterization
of the human gut microbiota. We present the Culturable Genome Reference (CGR), a …

Enhancing global food security by increasing the productivity of green revolution varieties of
cereals risks increasing the collateral environmental damage produced by inorganic …

Humans heavily rely on dozens of domesticated plant species that have been further
improved through intensive breeding. To evaluate how breeding changed the tomato fruit …