The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the
midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive …

A large number of signaling abnormalities have been implicated in the emergence and
expression of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). The primary cause for many of these …

As with many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the signalling pathways regulated by
the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) are dynamic, cell type-specific, and can change in the face …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects many
organs. Lewy bodies—a histopathological “hallmark” of PD—are detected in about 75% of …

Long-term dopamine (DA) replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to the
development of abnormal involuntary movements known as l-Dopa–induced dyskinesia …

Background: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common motor complication of
levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). In recent years, the role of …

We tested the hypothesis that oral NaHCO 3 intake stimulates splenic anti-inflammatory
pathways. Following oral NaHCO 3 loading, macrophage polarization was shifted from …

Abstract The Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Telmisartan reduces inflammation
through Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor …

Long-term therapy with levodopa (L-DOPA) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often
triggers motor complications termed as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, few …

Abstract L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a major complication of long-term dopamine
replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Characteristic neural oscillation and abnormal …