The dynamics of a moving train are usually described by means of a motion model based on
Newton's second law. This model uses as input track geometry data and train characteristics …

Energy-efficient train control (EETC) has been studied a lot over the last decades, because it
contributes to cost savings and reduction of CO 2 emissions. The aim of EETC is to minimize …

The single train trajectory optimization, also known as speed profile optimization (SPO), is a
traditional problem to minimize the traction energy consumption of trains. As a kind of …

In modern high-speed railway (HSR) systems, some pivot components of the train traction
system conduct energy conversion with a certain efficiency. With different train operational …

The driving strategy of train drivers has a large impact on the energy consumption. In recent
studies the focus was on calculating the optimal eco-driving strategy, and measuring the …

During practical operations, the urban rail transit system suffers from various uncertainties,
particularly uncertain dwell times, which significantly impact the execution of the timetable …

A co-optimization of the total running time, timetables, driving strategies and energy
management is implemented for the world's first commercial fuel cell train Coradia iLint in …

Virtual coupling technology was recently proposed in railways, which separates trains by a
relative braking distance (or even shorter distance) and moves trains synchronously to …

Energy efficient train control has been an active field of research for several decades, with
Pontryagin's maximum principle and dynamic programming being the two most common …

Practical industrial process is usually a dynamic process including uncertainty. Stochastic
constraints can be used for industrial process modeling, when system sate and/or control …