Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential
concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic …

The analysis of shape is a fundamental part of much biological research. As the field of
statistics developed, so have the sophistication of the analysis of these types of data. This …

To date, the earliest modern human fossils found outside of Africa are dated to around
90,000 to 120,000 years ago at the Levantine sites of Skhul and Qafzeh. A maxilla and …

Morphometrics, a new branch of statistics, combines tools from geometry, computer graphics
and biometrics in techniques for the multivariate analysis of biological shape variation …

Landmark-based geometric morphometrics is a powerful approach to quantifying biological
shape, shape variation, and covariation of shape with other biotic or abiotic variables or …

Morphometric studies often consider parts with internal left‐right symmetry, for instance, the
vertebrate skull. This type of symmetry is called object symmetry and is distinguished from …

The relatively new two-block partial least-squares method for analyzing the covariance
between two sets of variables is described and contrasted with the well-known method of …

The shape of a set of labeled points corresponds to those attributes of the configuration that
are invariant to the effects of translation, rotation, and scale. Procrustes distance may be …

Molecular data suggest that humans are more closely related to chimpanzees than either is
to the gorillas, yet one finds the closest similarity in craniofacial morphology to be among the …

Geographic variation in morphometry has been used todiscriminate local forms of fish for
over a century. The historical development of stock identificationmethods has paralleled the …