Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

Autophagosome formation and maturation involve the two ubiquitin-like systems: The ATG8
and ATG12 systems. ATG8 (LC3s and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor–associated …

Many biomolecules undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form liquid-like condensates
that mediate diverse cellular functions,. Autophagy is able to degrade such condensates …

ABSTRACT Macroautophagy (hereafter “autophagy”) is a membrane-mediated biological
process that involves engulfing and delivering cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs frequently after long-term chemotherapy, resulting in
refractory cancer and tumor recurrence. Therefore, combatting MDR is an important issue …

The selective clearance of organelles by autophagy is critical for the regulation of cellular
homeostasis in organisms from yeast to humans. Removal of damaged organelles clears …

Autophagy is the major cellular pathway to degrade dysfunctional organelles and protein
aggregates. Autophagy is particularly important in neurons, which are terminally …

Autophagosome biogenesis involves de novo formation of a membrane that elongates to
sequester cytoplasmic cargo and closes to form a double-membrane vesicle (an …

Autophagy is the process of cellular self-eating by a double-membrane organelle, the
autophagosome. A range of signaling processes converge on two protein complexes to …