Specialized subpopulations of CD4+ T cells survey major histocompatibility complex class II–
peptide complexes to control phagosomal infections, help B cells, regulate tissue …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

TCF1 and its homologue LEF1 are historically known as effector transcription factors
downstream of the WNT signalling pathway and are essential for early T cell development …

CD4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells play a vital role in providing help for B cells undergoing
selection and differentiation into activated antibody-secreting cells in mammalian germinal …

Background & Aims The prognostic value and clinical relevance of tertiary lymphoid
structures (TLSs) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remain unclear. Thus, we …

CD4+ T cell-derived interleukin 21 (IL-21) sustains CD8+ T cell responses during chronic
viral infection, but the helper subset that confers this protection remains unclear. Here, we …

Germinal centers (GCs), transient structures within B cell follicles and central to affinity
maturation, require the coordinated behavior of T and B cells. IL-21, a pleiotropic T cell …

Follicular helper T cells (T FH) are essential B cell-help providers in the formation of
germinal centers (GCs), affinity maturation of GC B cells, differentiation of high-affinity …

In the past few decades, a number of transformative discoveries have been made regarding
memory CD8+ T cell biology; meanwhile, the CD4+ T cell field has lagged behind this …