Polyploids—organisms that have multiple sets of chromosomes—are common in certain
plant and animal taxa, and can be surprisingly stable. The evidence that has emerged from …

Cell cycle regulation is of pivotal importance for plant growth and development. Although
plant cell division shares basic mechanisms with all eukaryotes, plants have evolved novel …

Plant speciation and diversification strongly rely on structural changes in the nuclear
genome, both at the whole ploidy and individual chromosome level. Phylogenetic …

The grass seed or caryopsis originates from a monocarpellary ovary with a single ovule and
contains the main storage tissue, the endosperm. For most grass crop species (ie cereals) …

Cells undergoing endoreduplication replicate chromosomal DNA without intervening
mitoses. The resulting larger, higher-ploidy nucleus is often associated with an increase in …

The nuclear endosperm of monocots, including the cereal species maize, rice, barley, and
wheat, represents humankind's most important renewable source of food, feed, and …

Trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) are the first cell type to terminally differentiate during
embryogenesis and are of vital importance for implantation and modulation of post …

▪ Abstract The endosperm develops from the central cell of the megagametophyte after
introduction of the second male gamete into the diploid central cell. Of the three forms of …

Endoreduplication is the major source of somatic endopolyploidy in higher plants, and leads
to variation in cell ploidy levels due to iterative rounds of DNA synthesis in the absence of …

Postanthesis growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) as of many types of fruit relies on cell
division and cell expansion, so that some of the largest cells to be found in plants occur in …