Real gas properties impose profound effects on regenerators. The enthalpy flow associated
with the pressure dependence, abbreviated as the pressure-induced enthalpy flow …

Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers (SPTCs) working at liquid-helium temperatures are
appealing in space applications because of their promising advantages such as high …

This paper establishes a theoretical model of the three-stage thermally-coupled Stirling-type
pulse tube cryocooler based on entropy analyses, in which irreversible losses in …

The high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler (HPTC) represents a promising miniature
cryocooling technology due to its compact structure and the absence of low-temperature …

HoN and ErN spheres were synthesized by nitriding metallic spheres, and their regenerator
performance was investigated by measuring the cooling power, CP, using a commercial …

This research paper discusses the free-piston Stirling cryocooler (FPSC) in conjunction with
a dual-opposed linear compressor. The system was tested under various operational …

Improving efficiency is an enduring effort for all refrigeration cycles. Real gases cause
“intrinsic” heat losses in the regenerator and degrade the coefficient of performance (COP) …

This paper presents the design and performance improvement of a three-stage Stirling-type
pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC) aimed to achieve effective cooling at 4.2 K for the low-T c …

The regenerator of the pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) operates with oscillating pressure and
mass flow, so a proper description of the heat transfer characteristics of the oscillating flow in …

For the past year NIST has been investigating the use of mechanical phase shifters as warm
expanders for pulse tube cryocoolers. Unlike inertance tubes, which have a limited phase …