The widespread occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The S spike protein …

Inflammatory processes are firmly established as central to the development and
complications of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers have …

(1) Background: Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological
agent for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has led to a pandemic that began in …

The notion of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease has intensified research on
the role of cytokines and the way these molecules act and interact to initiate and sustain …

Recent clinical trials have now firmly established that inflammation participates causally in
human atherosclerosis. These observations point the way toward novel treatments that add …

Testosterone is the main male sex hormone and is essential for the maintenance of male
secondary sexual characteristics and fertility. Androgen deficiency in young men owing to …

Background Since inflammation is believed to have a role in the pathogenesis of
cardiovascular events, measurement of markers of inflammation has been proposed as a …

Skeletal muscle has recently been identified as an endocrine organ. It has, therefore, been
suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by …

Background—Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a central role in inflammation and tissue injury.
However, epidemiological data evaluating the role of IL-6 in atherogenesis are sparse …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall where both innate and adaptive
immunoinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Inflammation is central at all stages of …