Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), a multifactorial movement disorder, is interlinked with
numerous molecular pathways, including neuroinflammation, which is a critical factor in the …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
disease, and is characterized by accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Neuroinflammation …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) replenishment therapy using nicotinamide
riboside (NR) shows promise for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative …

The progressive accumulation of insoluble aggregates of the presynaptic protein alpha-
synuclein (α-Syn) is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's …

Protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron dyshomeostasis, increased oxidative
damage and inflammation are pathognomonic features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and …

The circadian system is an intricate molecular network of coordinating circadian clocks that
organize the internal synchrony of the organism in response to the environment. These …

Introduction Owing to limited efficient treatment strategies for highly prevalent and
distressing Parkinson's disease (PD), an impending need emerged for deciphering new …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and intricate neurological condition resulting from a
combination of several factors, such as genetics, environment, and the natural process of …

Nicotinamide (NAM) is the amide form of niacin and an important precursor of nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is needed for energy metabolism and cellular functions …

Numerous studies have shown that neuroinflammation is involved in the process of
neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), for …