The chemokines (or chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of small, secreted proteins that
signal through cell surface G protein‐coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. They are …

Toxoplasma gondii is known to infect a considerable number of mammalian and avian
species and a substantial proportion of the world's human population. The parasite has an …

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite that is able to
infect any nucleated cell in any warm-blooded animal. Toxoplasma gondii infects around 2 …

Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology
approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled …

Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate recognition of
pathogens by dendritic cells (DCs). Although TLRs are clearly involved in the detection of …

The distinctive differentiated states of the CD4+ T helper cells are determined by the set of
transcription factors and the genes transcribed by the transcription factors. In vitro induction …

Summary Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is essential for host defense against intracellular pathogens.
Stimulation of innate immune cells by IFN-γ upregulates∼ 2,000 effector genes such as …

Pore-forming toxins are critical virulence factors for many bacterial pathogens and are
central to Staphylococcus aureus-mediated killing of host cells. S. aureus encodes pore …

The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate and orchestrate immune responses is a
consequence of their localization within tissues and their specialized capacity for …

Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology
approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled …