In addition to providing maximal nutritional value for neonatal growth and development,
human milk functions as an early defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Human …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the assembly, release, and maturation of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The HIV‐1 replication cycle has the potential to …

During the late phase of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication, newly synthesized retroviral Gag
proteins are targeted to the plasma membrane of most hematopoietic cell types, where they …

A critical early event in the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) particle assembly pathway is the targeting of
the Gag protein to the site of virus assembly. In many cell types, assembly takes place …

After budding, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) must 'mature'into an infectious viral
particle. Viral maturation requires proteolytic processing of the Gag polyprotein at the matrix …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle formation and the subsequent
initiation of protease-mediated maturation occur predominantly on the plasma membrane …

Matrix (MA), a major structural protein of retroviruses, is thought to play a critical role in
several steps of the HIV‐1 replication cycle, including the plasma membrane targeting of …

Envelope glycoproteins (Env) of lentiviruses typically possess unusually long cytoplasmic
domains, often 150 amino acids or longer. It is becoming increasingly clear that these …

Members of the family Retroviridae are important animal and human pathogens. Being
obligate parasites, their replication involves a series of steps during which the virus hijacks …

Targeting of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor Pr55 gag to
the plasma membrane, the site of virus assembly, is primarily mediated by the N-terminal …