Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a crucial role in the early detection of pathogen-associated
molecular patterns and the subsequent activation of the adaptive immune response …

Sexual dimorphism in human immune systems is most apparent in the female
predominance of certain autoimmune diseases (ADs) like systemic lupus erythematosus …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, inflammatory autoimmune disease that
affects multiple organ systems. We used global gene expression profiling of peripheral …

Background. The antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine is thought to be effective in
controlling some of the manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, but its effectiveness …

Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was confirmed by the presence of lupus
erythematosus cells in 75.7% of the patients, findings of skin biopsies in 6.0% and of renal …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease caused by
both genetic and environmental factors. Genome scans in families with SLE point to multiple …

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease
characterized by unpredictable flares of disease activity and irreversible damage to multiple …

The incidence of SLE is markedly increased in females of child-bearing age. Although males
are protected in terms of incidence of disease, it is unclear whether a distinct phenotype of …

Antimalarial agents have routinely been used for the treatment of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) for over 50 years. These agents continue to enjoy success as the initial …

Objective The triggers that induce antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–positive
vasculitis (APV) are largely unknown. However, there have been reports suggesting that …