Wakefulness and vigilance levels are required for maintaining purposeful activities and
motivated behaviours, which are often triggered by sensory information conveying external …

Structural analysis of modern pharmaceutical practices allows for the identification of two
rapidly growing trends: the introduction of tailor‐made amino acids and the exploitation of …

The hypocretins (H crts), also known as orexins, are two peptides derived from a single
precursor produced in the posterior lateral hypothalamus. Over the past decade, the orexin …

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are distributed restrictively in the hypothalamus, a brain region
known to orchestrate diverse functions including sleep, reward processing, food intake …

Laboratory mouse models represent a powerful tool to elucidate the biological foundations
of disease, but translation to and from human studies rely upon valid cross-species …

Addiction is a devastating disorder that affects 15.3 million people worldwide. While
prevalent, few effective treatments exist. Orexin receptors have been proposed as a potential …

Orexins/hypocretins are hypothalamic peptides involved in arousal and wakefulness, but
also play a critical role in drug addiction and reward-related behaviors. Here, we review the …

This paper critically reviews the unidimensional construct of General Arousal as utilised by
models of temperament in differential psychology for example, to underlie 'Extraversion' …

Tailor-made AAs are indispensable components of modern medicinal chemistry and are
becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs. In fact, about 30% of small-molecule …

Orexin signaling is essential for normal regulation of arousal and behavioral state control
and represents an attractive target for therapeutics combating insomnia. Alternatively termed …