Observers of elections often report that voters have engaged in protest voting. We find that
“protest voting” refers to a wide range of behaviors, and we create a taxonomy of these …

Until 2018 right-wing populism was regarded as an irrelevant phenomenon in Spain. The
recent success of Vox provides clear evidence that the transformation of Spanish politics is …

ABSTRACT Democratic politics in Southern Europe have been shaken by the emergence of
the Five Star Movement (M5S) in Italy and Podemos in Spain. Initially dismissed as protest …

After a stunning breakthrough in the 2014 European election, Podemos became the third
largest parliamentary party in Spain in the 2016 general election and achieved …

Populism is a phenomenon that has been acquiring great relevance over recent years in the
United States and Europe. Literature on the subject has identified the existence of a populist …

Voters in many advanced democracies increasingly dislike their political opponents, a
phenomenon that is known as affective polarisation. The growing animosity between …

The rise of Podemos, a political force that is ideologically and organizationally new, has
shaken Spanish politics. Only three years old, and taking advantage of the dual economic …

Amid the so-called 'refugee crisis', South European cities have experienced far-reaching
societal transformations, magnified by flaws in multi-level governance. How can urban …

Do parties in Spain use Instagram and for what purpose? What characterizes posts that are
effective at engaging the electorate? This article examines the use of Instagram during the …

The paper examines the political discourse of the Spanish political party Podemos through
the lens of Bakhtin's carnivalesque. Although it was originally used in literary analysis, the …