Summary 1 A growing number of ecologists are turning to the enumeration of white blood
cells from blood smears (leukocyte profiles) to assess stress in animals. There has been …

This article reviews the behavioural requirements of laying hens. It primarily concentrates on
evidence from consumer demand studies and relates this to the behavioural and physical …

Leukocyte profiles (relative numbers of white blood cell types) have been used by a growing
number of ecological studies to assess immune function and stress in wild birds. House …

Measuring the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes (H/L) in response to different stressors is
a standard tool for assessing long-term stress in laying hens but detailed information on the …

Objective: This study was conducted to compare between the nanoparticles of copper (Cu-
NP) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) effect on immunity, pro-inflammatory cytokine …

The aim of this study was to determine the selection of bedding material by broiler chickens
during the rearing period and whether the choice was determinant to their performing a …

Methionine is one of the most frequently supplemented amino acids in raising of poultry.
However, an overdose of methionine can cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Folic acid, taking …

Multi-tiered aviary systems provide laying hens with opportunities for species-specific
behaviors, including vertical and horizontal movement. However, collisions and failed …

ABSTRACT Measurementsoftheheterophil: lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (invasive technique) and
corticosterone in yolk and albumen (noninvasive techniques) were used to measure stress …

Birds of prey are found increasingly in captive situations. When sick, these animals show
only very subtle signs of disease, making the detection of disease difficult. For this reason …