The maintenance of iron homeostasis is essential for proper cardiac function. A growing
body of evidence suggests that iron imbalance is the common denominator in many …

Iron is an essential micronutrient that is problematic for biological systems since it is toxic as
it generates free radicals by interconverting between ferrous (Fe 2+) and ferric (Fe 3+) forms …

Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in multiple biological
processes: oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, drug and steroid metabolism …

Hemolytic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, are characterized by
enhanced release of hemoglobin and heme into the circulation, heme-iron loading of …

Cellular iron homeostasis is maintained by iron and heme transport proteins that work in
concert with ferrireductases, ferroxidases, and chaperones to direct the movement of iron …

Macrophages play a critical role in iron homeostasis via their intimate association with
developing and dying red cells. Central nurse macrophages promote erythropoiesis in the …

Heme is an essential cofactor and signaling molecule required for virtually all aerobic life.
However, excess heme is cytotoxic. Therefore, heme must be safely transported and …

Erythropoiesis is the biological process that consumes the highest amount of body iron for
heme synthesis. Heme synthesis in erythroid cells is finely coordinated with that of alpha (α) …

Iron is indispensable in numerous biologic processes, but abnormal iron regulation and
accumulation is related to pathological processes in cardiovascular diseases. However, the …

Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin of vital importance for cell energetic metabolism. High
rates of heme synthesis are commonly observed in proliferating cells. Moreover, the cell …