Genomic analysis of many nonmodel species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex
chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary …

Many animals with genetic sex determination harbor heteromorphic sex chromosomes,
where the heterogametic sex has half the gene dose of the homogametic sex. This …

Mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) differ strikingly among
animals. In Drosophila flies, chromosome-wide transcription is doubled from the single X …

The study of sex determination and sex chromosome organization in nonmodel species has
long been technically challenging, but new sequencing methodologies now enable precise …

In many multicellular eukaryotes, heteromorphic sex chromosomes are responsible for
determining the sexual characteristics and reproductive functions of individuals. Sex …

Sex determination in varanids, Gila monsters, beaded lizards, and other anguimorphan
lizards is still poorly understood. Sex chromosomes were reported only in a few species …

Sex chromosomes are widespread in species with separate sexes. They have evolved many
times independently, and display a truly remarkable diversity. New sequencing technologies …

Sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) overcomes gene-dose imbalances that
disturb transcriptional networks, as when ZW females or XY males are hemizygous for Z/X …

We review how epigenetics affect sex chromosome evolution in animals and plants. In a few
species, sex is determined epigenetically through the action of Y-encoded small RNAs …

Sexually dimorphic development is responsible for some of the most remarkable phenotypic
variation found in nature. Alternative splicing of the transcription factor gene doublesex (dsx) …