Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a common management tool for preserving marine
biodiversity and halting resource depletion. Despite the number of MPAs rapidly increasing …

Common marine spatial planning challenges include lack of data on the marine
environment, high mobility of both animals and humans, and plan implementation …

Marine protected areas are advocated as a key strategy for simultaneously protecting
marine biodiversity and supporting coastal livelihoods, but their implementation can be …

Social-ecological systems are often highly complex, making effective governance a
considerable challenge. In large, heterogeneous systems, hierarchical institutional regimes …

Recreational fisheries (RF) are complex social-ecological systems that play an important
role in aquatic environments while generating significant social and economic benefits …

Sharks and their cartilaginous relatives (Class Chondrichthyes, herein 'sharks') are one of
the world's most threatened species groups. Their slow life history traits and vulnerability to …

With the rapid global increase in the number and extent of marine protected areas (MPAs),
there is a need for methods that enable an assessment of their actual contribution to …

With the rapid growth of Indonesia's marine protected area (MPAs) estate in Indonesia,
reaching 23.9 million hectares by January 2020, attention needs to be focused on …

Sharks and their cartilaginous relatives are one of the world's most threatened species
groups. The primary cause is overfishing in targeted and bycatch fisheries. Reductions in …

Connectivity between coral reefs is critical to ensure their resilience and persistence against
disturbances. It is driven by ocean currents, which often have very complex patterns within …