Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure to microorganisms has been implicated as
one possible cause for the recent “epidemic” of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in …

Autoimmune diseases are a result of the immune system being misdirected toward its host
and have major and increasing unmet clinical needs. In general, present therapies are …

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) occurs during or recently following
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and is …

Beside digesting nutrients and absorbing solutes and electrolytes, the intestinal epithelium
with its barrier function is in charge of a tightly controlled antigen trafficking from the …

Intercellular tight junctions represent a formidable barrier against paracellular drug
absorption at epithelia (eg, nasal, intestinal) and the endothelium (eg, blood–brain barrier) …

Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to
improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation …

Background & Aims Celiac disease (CeD) is a prevalent autoimmune condition. Recurrent
signs and symptoms are common despite treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD), yet no …

Biological barriers are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis in health and disease.
Breakdown of the intestinal barrier is an essential aspect of the pathophysiology of …

In celiac disease (CD) a T-cell–mediated response to gluten is mounted in genetically
predisposed individuals, resulting in a malabsorptive enteropathy histologically highlighted …

Background Coeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, is
managed by a gluten‐free diet (GFD), which is difficult for many patients. Larazotide acetate …