This review updates and complements the review of energy balance and body composition
in the Proceedings of the 2003 IOC Consensus Conference on Sports Nutrition. It argues …

Distance events in Athletics include cross country, 10,000-m track race, half-marathon and
marathon road races, and 20-and 50-km race walking events over different terrain and …

The IOC RED-S consensus authors have reconvened to provide an update summary of the
interim scientific progress in the field of relative energy deficiency with the ultimate goal of …

Abstract The Male Athlete Triad is a syndrome of 3 interrelated conditions most common in
adolescent and young adult male endurance and weight-class athletes and includes the …

A major goal of training to improve the performance of prolonged, continuous, endurance
events lasting up to 3 h is to promote a range of physiological and metabolic adaptations …

Background Endurance athletes perform periodized training in order to prepare for main
competitions and maximize performance. However, the coupling between alterations of total …

Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600–2400 m) is a common approach used by
endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training …

Low energy availability (LEA) is a key element of the Female Athlete Triad. Causes of LEA
include failure to match high exercise energy expenditure (unintentional) or pathological …

The exploits of elite athletes delight, frustrate, and confound us as they strive to reach their
physiological, psychological, and biomechanical limits. We dissect nutritional approaches to …

Since the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, Kenyan and Ethiopian runners have dominated the
middle-and longdistance events in athletics and have exhibited comparable dominance in …