Abstract Linoleic acid (LA)(n− 6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)(n− 3) are essential fatty acids
(EFAs) as they cannot be synthesized by humans or other higher animals. In the human …

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is …

The cause of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not limited
to impaired insulin signalling but also involves the complex interplay of multiple metabolic …

The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic
heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis …

Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and
treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or …

Inflammation is an immune response that works as a contained fire that is pre-emptively
sparked as a defensive process during infections or upon any kind of tissue insult, and that …

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically derived from essential fatty
acids and have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation—that is …

Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of
cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation …

Mounting of the acute inflammatory response is crucial for host defense and pivotal to the
development of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or abscess formation versus the protective …

Acute inflammatory responses are protective, yet without timely resolution can lead to
chronic inflammation and organ fibrosis. A systems approach to investigate self-limited (self …