The interactions between bottom-up initiatives and top-down structures in the
implementation of regional development policies and projects are complex in theoretical …

An approach to community-based forestry (CBF) on federal forestlands in the western United
States consists of a number of informal civil society institutions for communities to better …

Earth is experiencing widespread ecological transformation in terrestrial, freshwater, and
marine ecosystems that is attributable to directional environmental changes, especially …

Rapid urbanization, especially in many developing countries, is accompanied by the decline
of rural populations and rural culture. Tangwan village in Shanghai in China is a typical …

Recent research highlights the challenge of achieving environmental governance goals in
the absence of collaboration among interdependent policy actors. This article explores …

Conflict and climate change might be present in the same areas and expose communities
that struggle with these dual risks, but they do not co-occur in consistent or predictable ways …

Abstract In South Africa, proposals for mining are becoming increasingly situated in rural
areas, with communities impacted negatively by local resource extraction due to …

Due to industrial civilization, the decline of the countryside has become a global
phenomenon. Spain is a good example that reflects this issue in the rural areas of the …

As a form of protection, a nature park is often created to protect and valorise natural and
cultural heritage in peripheral rural areas. However, in terms of multifunctionality, new nature …

Different rural developmental options exist because of different national and regional
contexts. Since its reform and opening-up policy, China has undergone rapid urbanization …