The ionosphere over the Brazilian region has particular characteristics due to the large
geomagnetic declination angle over most of the territory. Furthermore, the equatorial …

The ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ) is a parameter characterizing both the
distribution of the plasma in the ionosphere and the shape of the corresponding vertical …

The Earth's ionosphere affects the propagation of signals from the Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS). Due to the non-uniform coverage of available observations and …

Over the last 20 years, a large number of instruments have provided plasma density
measurements in Earth's topside ionosphere. To utilize all of the collected observations for …

The analytical description of the topside ionosphere included in the NeQuick model is
studied in detail. First, the modeled scale height behavior is analyzed at infinity and for the …

Air navigation is increasingly dependent on the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS). It allows the determination of the aircraft's position in all phases of the flight and …

In the last years, electron density profile functions characterized by a linear dependence on
the scale height showed good results when approximating the topside ionosphere. The …

A new one‐dimensional variational (1D‐Var) retrieval method for ionospheric GNSS radio
occultation (GNSS‐RO) measurements is described. The forward model implicit in the …

This paper deals with the well-known mismodelling characterizing the NeQuick topside
ionosphere at low latitudes, ie, the fact that the model keeps the two electron density humps …

The background covariance matrix establishes the transition from the data-to model-driven
regions in the ionospheric data assimilation algorithms. To construct the background …