Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the
extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane …

Cell membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer, containing proteins that span the bilayer
and/or interact with the lipids on either side of the two leaflets. Although recent advances in …

The application of nanoscale materials and structures, usually ranging from 1 to 100
nanometers (nm), is an emerging area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-limited vesicles and
multi-signal messengers loaded with biomolecules. Exosomes and ectosomes are two …

Angiogenesis is an important phenomenon involved in normal growth and wound healing
processes. An imbalance of the growth factors involved in this process, however, causes the …

Mitochondria are derived from eubacteria; however, in most eukaryotes, novel mechanisms
for the propagation of this organelle and its genome have evolved. This review focuses on …

The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is the major sorting station in the secretory pathway of all
eukaryotic cells. How the TGN sorts proteins and lipids to generate the enrichment of …

Nanotechnology is a field that is burgeoning day by day, making an impact in all spheres of
human life. Biological methods of synthesis have paved way for the “greener synthesis” of …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of
coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease …

A number of recent studies have provided new insights into the complexity of the endocytic
pathways originating at the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Many of the molecules …